Ukhuseleko lomlilo yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kulo naliphi na ikhaya okanye ishishini. Ngelixa sijonge ukugxila kubuchwephesha obusebenzayo bokhuseleko, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo zombane, Isitshixo sihlala silele ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha ezifanelekileyo kwindawo nganye.. Ngaloo ndlela, i-plasterboard yomlilo izenzele yona njengenye indlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokukhusela amakhaya ethu, zombini ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezichasene nomlilo kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokulula ukufakwa.
Ngaphandle kolwazi olukhulayo lomngcipheko womlilo, abantu abaninzi abakayazi indlela ukhetho lwezahlulo, iisilingi, kunye nokugquma ifuthe lokumelana nomlilo kwikhaya. Khetha iipaneli ezingatshiyo Ayikuncedi kuphela ukuthobela imimiselo kwaye uphile ngoxolo olukhulu lwengqondo., kodwa inokwenza umahluko xa kukho ingozi. Fumana apha ngezantsi Kutheni i-plasterboard engenamlilo yinto ekhethiweyo yokhetho lweengcali kwaye ikunceda njani ukukhusela eyona nto uyithanda kakhulu.
Kutheni i-plasterboard engatshiyo ibalulekile ekukhuseleni ikhaya lakho?
I-plasterboard yomlilo iguqule iinkqubo zokwakha ngokubulela amandla ayo okumelana nomlilo. Ku malunga I-plasterboard ene-laminated ephathwa ngokukodwa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwamadangatye. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu malunga nalo mbandela kukuba Isebenza njengesithintelo esithintela umlilo, ukuthintela amadangatye kunye nobushushu ukuba busasazeke kwezinye iindawo zesakhiwo.. Lo mba ungundoqo, ukufumana ixesha lokufuduka kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobuqu.
Kwakhona, Zonke iipaneli zeplasterboard zinokuchasana nomlilo omncinci, kodwa kukho iinguqulelo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba yi "foc" okanye "RF" eyomelezwe ngefiberglass kunye nezongezo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi cwecwe zinokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokonakala kwaye ngaphandle kokukhupha iigesi eziyityhefu., ukugcina ingqibelelo yayo ixesha elide kunamacwecwe aqhelekileyo.
Enye inzuzo enkulu kukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokulula ukufakela.. I-plasterboard yomlilo ingasetyenziselwa kwizicelo ezininzi: iindonga ezahlulayo, iisilingi, imigangatho, izigqubuthelo kunye nefanitshala eyenziwe ngokwesiqhelo. Ngaphandle koko, Inokudityaniswa nezinye izinto ezifana noboya bamatye ukuphumeza ukhuseleko olukhulu ngakumbi., zombini ngokuchasene nomlilo kunye ne-thermal kunye ne-acoustic insulation.
Ukhuseleko, ngokuqinisekileyo, alungqubani nobuhle.. Iiphaneli ezingatshiyo ziyakwazi ukulawulwa kwaye zithandeka ngobuhle njengezo ziqhelekileyo., ngoko unokuba neendawo ezikhuselweyo ngaphandle kokuyeka ukugqitywa okucocekileyo kunye nesimanje.
Yintoni eyenza i-plasterboard engatshiyo ibe yinto ekhethekileyo? Umahluko kunye nokuhlelwa
Imfihlelo ye-plasterboard engenamlilo ilele ekubunjweni kwayo kwangaphakathi. Ziyipaneli ezenziwe ngeplaster elaminethiweyo apho i-fiberglass kunye nezinye izinto ezichasene nobushushu zongezwa. Lo mxube wenza ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinganyangeki kuphela kodwa zikhuseleke nomlilo., inceda ukuyithintela ukuba ingakhuli okanye ikhuphe amasuntswana ayingozi xa kutsha.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo, Ukuxhathisa kwento nganye kubonakaliswa ngokudityaniswa koonobumba:
R: Ukuthwala umthamo (ixesha apho isakhiwo sigcina ukuchasana nomatshini).
E: Ukunyaniseka (ukuthintela ukudlula kwamadangatye kunye neegesi ezishushu).
I: I-Insulation (isebenza njengesithintelo se-thermal, ukuthintela ukushisa ukuba kudlule).
Umanyano lwaba nobumba, lukhatshwa lixesha kwimizuzu (umzekelo, EI-60, EI-120…), ichaza ukuchasana okuqinisekisiweyo kwenkqubo ngokomgangatho waseYurophu we-EN 13501-2. Iipaneli ze-plasterboard ezingenamlilo zinokuqinisekiswa ukuba zimelane ne-30, 60, 90, 120, kunye nemizuzu engama-240 yokutshatyalaliswa komlilo ngokuthe ngqo., kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo kunye nokuqiniswa.
Kwakhona, Kukho iintsapho ezimbini eziphambili ze-plasterboard malunga nokumelana nomlilo.: umgangatho, osele unikezela ukuchasana okusisiseko kwaye udla ngokuhlelwa njenge-M0 (engenakutsha), kunye ne-"foc" okanye i-RF, edibanisa iglasi eqinisiweyo okanye i-cellulose fibers, ukwandisa kakhulu ukuchasana nomlilo. Le yokugqibela iyacetyiswa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo..
Izicelo kunye neendawo apho i-plasterboard engenamlilo iyimfuneko
Imimiselo kunye neengcinga zokwakha zicebisa ukusebenzisa i-plasterboard engenamlilo kuzo zonke iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.. Izicelo zayo eziphambili ziquka:
- Iipaseji zokuphuma kunye nezinyuko, ukuqinisekisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kwimeko yonxunguphalo.
- Amagumbi ofakelo lombane, iibhoyila, iikhitshi zemizi-mveliso kunye naziphi na iindawo apho umsebenzi wenziwa khona ngezixhobo ezinokubangela umlilo.
- Izakhiwo zoluntu, iindawo zokuhlala, amaziko okuthenga kunye neendawo ezihamba phambili, apho imimiselo idinga iinkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo kunye namaxesha okunyamezela ixesha elide.
- Iindawo zomlilo, iindawo zomlilo ezindlini, igaraji kunye namagumbi angaphantsi, kunye nezahlulo phakathi kwamakhaya okanye indawo ukukhusela umlilo ukuba usasazeke kwezinye iiyunithi.
Kulwakhiwo olutsha kunye nokulungiswa, i-plasterboard engenamlilo iya ixhaphake. nakwizindlu zangasese, apho ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo lufunwa kwaye luthotyelwe kwiKhowudi yoKwakha loBugcisa (CTE) eSpain, kunye ne-UNE-EN 13501-1: 2019, elawula ukuphendula komlilo kunye nokuhlelwa kokumelana.
Ziziphi iingenelo ezongezelelweyo zeplasterboard engenamlilo?
Ukukhetha izinto ezingatshiyo kunika iingenelo ezininzi kunokhuseleko lomlilo.. I-plasterboard engenamlilo, ngokukodwa, inika ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:
- Ukuqina kunye nokuchasana kwesakhiwo: Ngokukhusela zombini iindonga kunye neesilingi, kwandisa ubomi obuncedo besakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
- Okugqwesileyo kwe-thermal kunye ne-acoustic insulation: Enkosi ngokwakhiwa kwayo, iphucula intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwesakhiwo. Inokudibaniswa kunye nezinye izinto zokukhusela ukunyusa ukusebenza.
- Ukuthotyelwa kwesiqhelo: Ukusebenzisa izinto eziqinisekisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sihambelana nemimiselo yokhuseleko., inkalo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zoluntu kunye nezorhwebo.
- Iindleko zokulungisa ezingaphantsi: Ukuba nokwenzeka okusezantsi komonakalo wesakhiwo kuthetha ukulungiswa okumbalwa emva kwezehlo kwaye uphepha izohlwayo zokungathobeli imigaqo.
Ukufakela kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezobugcisa: kutheni ukuthembela kuphela iingcali
Ukufakwa kweepaneli zeplasterboard ezingenamlilo zifana neepaneli eziqhelekileyo.. Ifakwe kwisakhiwo seprofayili yesinyithi kwaye ihlanganiswe kunye., uhlala ukhathalela ukusebenzisa izinto ezihambelanayo kunye nezicetyiswa ngumenzi. Nangona kunjalo, Ukudibanisa okuchanekileyo kubalulekile: Ukusebenza kakubi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingavunywanga kunokunciphisa kakhulu amandla kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo.
Ngesi sizathu, Kubalulekile ukuthembela kwiingcali eziqeqeshiweyo. Bazazi zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko zobugcisa ukuthobela iimfuno zomthetho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Ngaphaya koko, ziingcali kuphela ezinokuqinisekisa ukufakela kwaye zinikeze zombini iziqinisekiso zesakhiwo kunye nokumelana nomlilo, eyona nto iphambili yokuvula okanye iilayisensi zokusebenza.
Izinto ezincedisayo ezingatshiyo kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ezikumgangatho ophezulu
I-plasterboard yomlilo ingaphuculwa ngokuyidibanisa nezinye izinto ezandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.. Bavelele phakathi kwabo:
- Uboya belitye kunye noboya beglasi: Ukumelana kwayo okuphezulu nomlilo kunye nobushushu ukubenza babe ngabahlobo abagqibeleleyo kwi-plasterboard engatshiyo kwi-backings, iindonga kunye neesilingi.
- Udaka lwe-intumescent kunye neepeyinti: Bagubungela isinyithi kunye nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, ukulibazisa ukuwa ebusweni bokushisa kunye nokuncedisa isenzo se-plasterboard.
- I-polyurethane kunye ne-calcium silicate foams: Ilungele ukutywinwa kwamalungu kunye nezikhewu, ukudala imiqobo eyongezelelweyo yomlilo kunye nomsi.
- Iiphaneli ze-fiber silicate: Zigqamile ngokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ezinemfuno ephezulu kakhulu. ezifana nezibhedlele, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya okanye itonela, ukubonelela ngoxhathiso oluphezulu.
Hlanganisa ezi zixhobo kunye ne-plasterboard engenamlilo Iqinisa ukhuseleko lomlilo kwaye inceda nasekuphuculeni ukugquma kwe-thermal kunye ne-acoustic..
I-plasterboard engenamlilo kwimimiselo kunye nesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezichasene nomlilo kulawulwa yimimiselo engqongqo ejoliswe ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lwabantu abahlala kwizakhiwo kunye neendawo zoluntu.. ESpeyin, iKhowudi yoKwakha loBugcisa (CTE) kunye ne-UNE-EN 13501-1: i-2019 esemgangathweni iseka ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwezinga labo lokuchasana nokusabela kumlilo.
Ukuhlelwa kweYurophu kwahlula iindidi ezininzi:
- I-Class A1 kunye ne-A2: izinto ezingenakutsha, ukhuseleko oluphezulu
- Udidi B ukuya ku-F: ukwehla okuqhubekayo ekuxhathiseni, kunye no-F ngowona ukhuselekileyo
Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa komsi (s1 ukuya kwi-s3) kunye nokuveliswa kwamaconsi e-incandescent (d0 ukuya ku-d2) kuyalinganiswa. Kuphela izinto eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwebhubhoratri kunokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo komlilo.. Kubalulekile ukufuna ukumakishwa okusemthethweni kunye namaxwebhu phambi kokuthenga okanye ukufakela nayiphi na inkqubo yokukhusela.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-plasterboard kuzo zonke iimfuno
Ihlabathi le-plasterboard alikhawulelwanga kuphela ekukhuseleni umlilo.. Kukho iindidi ezenzelwe ukusombulula imingeni eyahlukeneyo yokwakha:
- I-plasterboard eqhelekileyo: ilungele izinto zangaphakathi ngaphandle kweemfuno ezizodwa
- I-plasterboard engenamanzi: iphathwa ngokuchasene nokufuma, ilungele amagumbi okuhlambela kunye namakhitshi
- I-acoustic plasterboard: yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwengxolo
- Thermal plasterboard: ibandakanya izinto eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
- I-anti-humidity kunye ne-plasterboard egobileyo: kwiimfuno ezizodwa okanye iindawo zokuyila
- Anti-X-ray plasterboard: ngqo kumaziko onyango apho kufuneka ukhuseleko lwemitha
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-plasterboard lunokwenza yonke imohluko ekukhuseleni iindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko..
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwizinto ezingatshiyo kuyaqhubeka nokuguquka, ukukhuthaza izisombululo ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo.. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne iindlela zokuzinza kulwakhiwo.